الخطبة الأولى: التوثيق والشهادة.. ميزان العدل في الإسلام
إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ لِلَّهِ، نَحْمَدُهُ وَنَسْتَعِينُهُ وَنَسْتَغْفِرُهُ، وَنَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شُرُورِ أَنْفُسِنَا وَمِنْ سَيِّئَاتِ أَعْمَالِنَا، مَنْ يَهْدِهِ اللَّهُ فَلَا مُضِلَّ لَهُ، وَمَنْ يُضْلِلْ فَلَا هَادِيَ لَهُ. وَأَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ. صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى آلِهِ وَأَصْحَابِهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَسْلِيمًا كَثِيرًا.
Verily, all praise is due to Allah; we praise Him, seek His help, and ask for His forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evils of our souls and the consequences of our bad deeds. Whomever Allah guides, none can lead astray, and whomever He leads astray, none can guide. I bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone, without partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, his family, and his companions in abundance.
أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَيَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ، أُوصِيكُمْ وَنَفْسِي بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْعَظِيمِ، فَإِنَّ التَّقْوَى هِيَ مِلَاكُ الْأَمْرِ، وَسَبِيلُ النَّجَاةِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ. يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِهِ الْكَرِيمِ: "يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا * يُصْلِحْ لَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ فَازَ فَوْزًا عَظِيمًا".
To proceed, O servants of Allah, I enjoin you and myself to have Taqwa (God-consciousness) of Allah, the Most High, the Magnificent. For Taqwa is the foundation of all affairs and the path to salvation in this world and the Hereafter. Allah the Almighty says in His Noble Book: "O you who have believed, fear Allah and speak words of appropriate justice. He will [then] amend for you your deeds and forgive you your sins. And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has certainly attained a great attainment."
أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ، إِنَّ مَوْضُوعَنَا الْيَوْمَ يَمَسُّ جَوْهَرَ الْحَيَاةِ الِاجْتِمَاعِيَّةِ وَاسْتِقْرَارَ الْمُجْتَمَعَاتِ، وَهُوَ "التَّوْثِيقُ وَالشَّهَادَةُ كَأَدَاةٍ رَئِيسِيَّةٍ لِلْعَدَالَةِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ". لَقَدْ جَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ لِيُقِيمَ الْقِسْطَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ، وَلَمْ يَكْتَفِ بِالْمَوَاعِظِ الْأَخْلَاقِيَّةِ فَحَسْبُ، بَلْ وَضَعَ نِظَامًا دَقِيقًا لِحِفْظِ الْحُقُوقِ وَمَنْعِ النِّزَاعَاتِ. إِنَّ الْعَدْلَ لَيْسَ مُجَرَّدَ شِعَارٍ، بَلْ هُوَ مُمَارَسَةٌ تَبْدَأُ مِنْ تَدْوِينِ الْعُقُودِ وَتَنْهِي بِأَدَاءِ الشَّهَادَةِ بِحَقٍّ.
O believers, our topic today touches the core of social life and the stability of societies: "Documentation and Testification as a Major Tool for Justice in Islam." Islam came to establish equity among people, and it did not suffice with moral exhortations alone; rather, it established a precise system to preserve rights and prevent disputes. Justice is not merely a slogan; it is a practice that begins with the recording of contracts and concludes with the truthful delivery of testimony.
تَأَمَّلُوا مَعِي -رَحِمَكُمُ اللَّهُ- فِي أَطْوَلِ آيَةٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ الْكَرِيمِ، وَهِيَ "آيَةُ الدَّيْنِ" فِي سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ. لَمْ تَكُنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ الطَّوِيلَةُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ أَوْ الصِّيَامِ، بَلْ كَانَتْ فِي تَنْظِيمِ الْمُعَامَلَاتِ الْمَالِيَّةِ. يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: "يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ ۚ وَلْيَكْتُبْ بَيْنَكُمْ كَاتِبٌ بِالْعَدْلِ". هَذَا الْأَمْرُ الْإِلَهِيُّ بِالْكِتَابَةِ هُوَ قِمَّةُ الْوَعْيِ الْحَضَارِيِّ لِحِمَايَةِ الْمَوَدَّةِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ، فَالتَّوْثِيقُ يَقْطَعُ دَابِرَ النِّسْيَانِ وَيَمْنَعُ غَوَايَةَ الشَّيْطَانِ فِي جُحُودِ الْحُقُوقِ.
Reflect with me—may Allah have mercy on you—upon the longest verse in the Holy Quran, which is the "Verse of Debt" in Surah Al-Baqarah. This lengthy verse was not about prayer or fasting, but about organizing financial transactions. Allah the Almighty says: "O you who have believed, when you contract a debt for a specified term, write it down. And let a scribe write [it] between you in justice." This divine command to write is the pinnacle of civilizational awareness to protect the affection between people. Documentation cuts off the roots of forgetfulness and prevents the temptation of Satan to deny rights.
إِنَّ التَّوْثِيقَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ لَيْسَ تَخْوِينًا لِلْآخَرِ، بَلْ هُوَ إِحْسَانٌ إِلَيْهِ وَإِلَى النَّفْسِ. فَكَمْ مِنْ عَائِلَةٍ تَمَزَّقَتْ، وَكَمْ مِنْ صَدَاقَةٍ انْتَهَتْ بِسَبَبِ غِيَابِ "الْوَرَقَةِ وَالْقَلَمِ". إِنَّ الْإِمَامَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ -عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ- فِي عَهْدِهِ لِمَالِكٍ الْأَشْتَرِ، أَكَّدَ عَلَى ضَرُورَةِ ضَبْطِ الْأُمُورِ وَكِتَابَةِ السِّجِلَّاتِ، لِأَنَّ الْحَقَّ الضَّائِعَ بِسَبَبِ الْإِهْمَالِ يُؤَدِّي إِلَى الظُّلْمِ، وَالظُّلْمُ ظُلُمَاتٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ.
Documentation in Islam is not an act of mistrusting the other; rather, it is an act of excellence (Ihsan) toward them and toward oneself. How many families have been torn apart, and how many friendships have ended due to the absence of "paper and pen"? Indeed, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him), in his letter to Malik al-Ashtar, emphasized the necessity of regulating affairs and keeping records, because a right lost due to negligence leads to injustice, and injustice is darkness on the Day of Resurrection.
ثُمَّ نَأْتِي إِلَى الرُّكْنِ الثَّانِي لِلْعَدَالَةِ، وَهُوَ "الشَّهَادَةُ". الشَّهَادَةُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ أَمَانَةٌ عُظْمَى، وَمَسْؤُولِيَّةٌ تَقْشَعِرُّ مِنْهَا الْأَبْدَانُ. يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "وَلَا تَكْتُمُوا الشَّهَادَةَ ۚ وَمَنْ يَكْتُمْهَا فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ". إِنَّ الشَّاهِدَ هُوَ لِسَانُ الْحَقِّ فِي الْأَرْضِ، فَإِذَا نَطَقَ بِالصِّدْقِ أَحْيَا النُّفُوسَ وَأَعَادَ الْحُقُوقَ، وَإِذَا زَوَّرَ أَوْ كَتَمَ فَقَدْ أَعَانَ الظَّالِمَ عَلَى ظُلْمِهِ.
Then we come to the second pillar of justice: "Testification." Testimony in Islam is a supreme trust and a responsibility that makes the skin shiver. Allah the Almighty says: "And do not conceal testimony, for whoever conceals it—his heart is indeed sinful." The witness is the tongue of truth on earth; if he speaks with honesty, he revives souls and restores rights, and if he falsifies or conceals, he has assisted the oppressor in his oppression.
وَقَدْ حَذَّرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ شَهَادَةِ الزُّورِ تَحْذِيرًا شَدِيدًا، فَقَدْ رَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "أَلَا أُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِأَكْبَرِ الْكَبَائِرِ؟" ثَلَاثًا، قَالُوا: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: "الْإِشْرَاكُ بِاللَّهِ، وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ"، وَكَانَ مُتَّكِئًا فَجَلَسَ فَقَالَ: "أَلَا وَقَوْلُ الزُّورِ، وَشَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ"، فَمَا زَالَ يُكَرِّرُهَا حَتَّى قُلْنَا: لَيْتَهُ سَكَتَ. هَذَا الِاهْتِمَامُ النَّبَوِيُّ يُبَيِّنُ لَنَا أَنَّ الْكَلِمَةَ الَّتِي تَقُولُهَا أَمَامَ الْقَاضِي أَوْ فِي مَجْلِسِ الصُّلْحِ قَدْ تَبْنِي أُمَّةً أَوْ تَهْدِمُ بَيْتًا.
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) warned against false testimony very sternly. It is narrated in Sahih al-Bukhari and Muslim that he said: "Shall I not inform you of the greatest of major sins?" three times. They said: "Yes, O Messenger of Allah." He said: "Associating partners with Allah, and disobedience to parents." He was reclining, then he sat up and said: "And indeed, false speech and false testimony!" He kept repeating it until we said: "If only he would stop (out of pity for his distress)." This prophetic emphasis shows us that the word you utter before a judge or in a reconciliation council can either build a nation or destroy a home.
عِبَادَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ التَّوْثِيقَ وَالشَّهَادَةَ لَيْسَا مُجَرَّدَ إِجْرَاءَاتٍ قَانُونِيَّةٍ، بَلْ هُمَا عِبَادَةٌ نَتَقَرَّبُ بِهَا إِلَى اللَّهِ. عِنْدَمَا تَكْتُبُ وَصِيَّتَكَ، وَعِنْدَمَا تُوَثِّقُ عَقْدَ بَيْعِكَ، وَعِنْدَمَا تَشْهَدُ بِالْحَقِّ وَلَوْ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ أَوْ وَالِدَيْكَ، فَأَنْتَ تُقِيمُ مَمْلَكَةَ اللَّهِ فِي الْأَرْضِ. "يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ بِالْقِسْطِ شُهَدَاءَ لِلَّهِ وَلَوْ عَلَىٰ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوِ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ".
Servants of Allah, documentation and testimony are not merely legal procedures; they are acts of worship through which we draw closer to Allah. When you write your will, when you document your sales contract, and when you testify to the truth even if it is against yourself, your parents, or your kin, you are establishing the kingdom of Allah on earth. "O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm in justice, witnesses for Allah, even if it be against yourselves or parents and relatives."
أَقُولُ قَوْلِي هَذَا وَأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ لِي وَلَكُمْ وَلِجَمِيعِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَاسْتَغْفِرُوهُ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ.
I say this and I seek Allah's forgiveness for myself, for you, and for all Muslims. So seek His forgiveness; indeed, He is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.
الخطبة الثانية: التَّطْبِيقُ الْعَمَلِيُّ لِحِفْظِ الْحُقُوقِ
الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَلِيُّ الصَّالِحِينَ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ سَيِّدَنَا مُحَمَّدًا خَاتَمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَالْمُرْسَلِينَ. اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي الْعَالَمِينَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds. I bear witness that there is no deity except Allah, the Ally of the righteous, and I bear witness that our master Muhammad is the seal of the Prophets and Messengers. O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You sent blessings upon Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim, and bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim in the worlds; indeed, You are Praiseworthy and Glorious.
أَيُّهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ، إِنَّ الْعَدَالَةَ تَبْدَأُ مِنَ الْوَعْيِ. وَإِنَّ مِنْ أَعْظَمِ مَا نُقَدِّمُهُ لِمُجْتَمَعِنَا الْيَوْمَ هُوَ إِحْيَاءُ ثَقَافَةِ التَّوْثِيقِ. لَا تَقُلْ "هَذَا أَخِي" أَوْ "هَذَا صَدِيقِي لَا حَاجَةَ لِلْكِتَابَةِ"، بَلْ قُلْ "لِأَنَّهُ أَخِي وَصَدِيقِي سَأَكْتُبُ لِأَحْفَظَ هَذِهِ الْأُخُوَّةَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ". إِنَّ التَّوْثِيقَ هُوَ سِيَاجُ الْمَحَبَّةِ.
O Muslims, justice begins with awareness. One of the greatest things we can offer our society today is the revival of the culture of documentation. Do not say, "This is my brother" or "This is my friend, there is no need for writing." Rather, say, "Because he is my brother and friend, I will write to protect this brotherhood from Satan." Documentation is the fence of love.
وَفِي جَانِبِ الشَّهَادَةِ، تَذَكَّرُوا أَنَّ السُّكُوتَ عَنِ الْحَقِّ شَيْطَانٌ أَخْرَسُ. إِذَا رَأَيْتَ مَظْلُومًا وَعِنْدَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ، فَلَا تَتَرَدَّدْ فِي أَدَائِهَا. وَإِذَا طُلِبْتَ لِلشَّهَادَةِ فَلَا تَعْتَذِرْ بِالِانْشِغَالِ، فَإِنَّ إِقَامَةَ الْعَدْلِ أَوْلَى مِنَ النَّوَافِلِ. لَقَدْ كَانَ الصَّحَابَةُ وَأَهْلُ الْبَيْتِ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلَامُ مَنَارَاتٍ فِي الصِّدْقِ، لَا يُبَالُونَ فِي اللَّهِ لَوْمَةَ لَائِمٍ.
Regarding testimony, remember that remaining silent about the truth is like being a "mute devil." If you see an oppressed person and you have evidence, do not hesitate to provide it. If you are called to testify, do not excuse yourself with being busy, for establishing justice is more virtuous than voluntary acts of worship. The Companions and the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) were beacons of truthfulness, never fearing the blame of a critic for the sake of Allah.
لِنَجْعَلْ بُيُوتَنَا وَمُعَامَلَاتِنَا مَبْنِيَّةً عَلَى الْوُضُوحِ وَالتَّدْوِينِ. اكْتُبُوا وَصَايَاكُمْ، وَثِّقُوا دُيُونَكُمْ، اشْهَدُوا بِالْقِسْطِ، وَتَذَكَّرُوا أَنَّ كُلَّ حَرْفٍ تُدَوِّنُونَهُ هُوَ خُطْوَةٌ نَحْوَ مُجْتَمَعٍ آمِنٍ وَمُسْتَقِرٍّ.
Let us make our homes and transactions built upon clarity and recording. Write your wills, document your debts, testify with equity, and remember that every letter you record is a step toward a safe and stable society.
اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْنَا مِنَ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَمِعُونَ الْقَوْلَ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ أَحْسَنَهُ. اللَّهُمَّ أَرِنَا الْحَقَّ حَقًّا وَارْزُقْنَا اتِّبَاعَهُ، وَأَرِنَا الْبَاطِلَ بَاطِلًا وَارْزُقْنَا اجْتِنَابَهُ. اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْنَا شُهَدَاءَ بِالْقِسْطِ، وَلَا تَجْعَلْ فِي قُلُوبِنَا غِلًّا لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا.
O Allah, make us among those who listen to the word and follow the best of it. O Allah, show us the truth as truth and grant us the strength to follow it, and show us falsehood as falsehood and grant us the strength to avoid it. O Allah, make us witnesses in equity, and do not place in our hearts any resentment toward those who have believed.
اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ، الْأَحْيَاءِ مِنْهُمْ وَالْأَمْوَاتِ. اللَّهُمَّ أَصْلِحْ ذَاتَ بَيْنِنَا، وَأَلِّفْ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِنَا، وَاهْدِنَا سُبُلَ السَّلَامِ. رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ.
O Allah, forgive the believing men and women, the living among them and the deceased. O Allah, rectify our internal affairs, unite our hearts, and guide us to the paths of peace. Our Lord, grant us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and protect us from the punishment of the Fire.
عِبَادَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَالْإِحْسَانِ وَإِيتَاءِ ذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَيَنْهَىٰ عَنِ الْفَحْشَاءِ وَالْمُنْكَرِ وَالْبَغْيِ ۚ يَعِظُكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ. فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ الْعَظِيمَ يَذْكُرْكُمْ، وَاشْكُرُوهُ عَلَى نِعَمِهِ يَزِدْكُمْ، وَلَذِكْرُ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُ، وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تَصْنَعُونَ. أَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ.
Servants of Allah, indeed Allah commands justice, excellence, and giving to relatives, and He forbids immorality, bad conduct, and oppression. He admonishes you that perhaps you will be reminded. So remember Allah, the Magnificent, and He will remember you; thank Him for His blessings and He will increase you. And the remembrance of Allah is greater, and Allah knows what you do. Establish the prayer.